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写在大地上的诗行——读韩修存报告文学“大地三部曲”

2020-10-19 09:04

  今年7月,与韩修存应邀参加第四届江苏省报告文学奖颁奖仪式,他的《大地上的梦想》荣获优秀作品奖。

  韩修存是位机关干部,平素地就像一棵扎根大地朴实无华的杨树。走村串户十四年,裤腿上沾满露水泥巴,更与农民没啥分别。走在田间,谁也不怀疑他就是个泥腿子。就是这样一个泥腿子,驻村扶贫14年,不仅被评为江苏省扶贫先进个人,还用一颗与时代同频跳动的心,思考创作,写下令人砰然心动的“组诗”——“大地三部曲”。身为作家的韩修存,一直关注“三农”问题,试图通过驻村这块“试验田”,积极探求既能调动农民积极性,尽快摆脱贫困,又能防止两极分化,追求社会公平的路子;既能让百姓“富口袋”又能“富脑袋”的方法。通过亲自参与的脱贫攻坚、乡村振兴这一实践,由点及面反映这一伟大的新时代,见证农村社会的发展变迁,矢志不移地不断寻求“三农”发展的现实需求与未来走向,为尽快让农民富起来,国家强起来问道探路!

  作为公务员,扶贫是韩修存的本职工作。一份魂牵梦绕的工作干了十四年,已成为嵌入生命的深刻印记。他一面俯身亲近大地,一面抬头仰望天空。他的脚步走遍万水千山,时刻不忘把大地当作课堂,他同在这片土地上劳作的人们一道谋划未来,冀望实现千年未竟的梦想,更期盼绚丽的时代之花在华夏大地吐绽芬芳。                      

  文学评论家孟繁华说:“在一切未果的时代,人内心隐含的巨大困惑、矛盾和迷惘以及欲望与克制、困难与希望等,也格外复杂与丰富。作家如果能准确感知和捕捉到这个时代究竟发生了什么,那他一定是文学的大赢家”。韩修存实现了文学创作与人生事业的双赢——他的扶贫事迹入选国务院扶贫办驻村帮扶典型案例,在全国文化系统仅此一例,惊动了中央媒体,《中国文化报》、《铁军》等杂志,搜狐、新浪、人民网、中国文艺报、中国作协网等网站都进行了报道。他的报告文学作品多次入选江苏省作协重大题材文学创作工程及江苏省作协定点生活作家项目。

  自古以来,作文与做人是统一的。韩柳欧苏岂仅以文名世?无不是为官一任,造福一方,与民同忧乐,发而为心声,遂成传世佳作。  

  韩修存《大地上的梦想》在历史的大背景下体验当下的农村生活。纵向上将现实与过去的世界融会贯通,在前人的足迹中寻求农民摆脱贫困的良方。横向上则将一个点的生活与外面的世界融合贯通,在全国的大背景下体验今天一个村的生活,在中国三农的“典型”中寻求创作的灵感。

  脱贫攻坚是一项前无古人、造福后世的伟大事业,韩修存作为这场事业的参与者、亲历者、见证者,他以大地作纸,以汗水为墨,用文学的笔法记录总结,用实践者、建设者的眼光观察思考,从千年农业的成长记中,帮助人们寻求脱贫致富的思路;从贫困的原因中,帮助人们听诊把脉; 从稻麦的花开花落中获得高产的秘诀;从它山之石的体制机制中开拓思路,获得启迪。对帮扶实战中的成败得失,酸甜苦辣进行回味反思。通过人们的衣食住行感受脱贫攻坚给人们带来的实实在在的变化。

  作为“梦想”的延续与升华,《大地上的芬芳》采用了“杂取种种人,合成一个人”的方法,围绕探索脱贫致富,乡村振兴的“地能怎么种?钱能怎么赚?人往哪里去?楼能怎么上?脑袋要怎么富?”这个思路做文章。生动地记录了成立“土地合作社”,抑制贫富悬殊;发展高效农业,扶持铁杆庄稼;开展旧房拆迁,农民上楼;发展“三来一加”,提倡“家门口就业”的过程;创新“扶贫+农旅+电商”的脱贫致富新模式、开展电商扶贫解决农产品销售难问题等,通过取火,点灯,培养典型等各种形式探索乡村精神文明建设的新途径。作品在纪实、写实基础上,以“取火”“点灯”为喻,象征精准扶贫开发必能为农村大地送去温暖,并照亮乡村的未来。

  口袋富了,还得富脑袋。社会主义核心价值观从国家战略高度回答了我们要建设什么样的国家、建设什么样的社会、培养什么样的公民等重大问题,是中华民族长期沉淀下来的优秀传统文化智慧结晶。韩修存对如何理解和践行社会主义核心价值观进行了深刻思考,他以章回体纪实文学的形式,创作了一本匠心别运独具创意的书—《大地上的课堂》,创造性地将中小学语文、历史、地理等多学科教学涉及的具体内容融合在一起,将社会主义核心价值观润物无声地融汇在这盘大杂烩里,活色生香,读来有滋有味。作者通过自己行踪所至,以历史人物和事件诠释社会主义核心价值观,以润物无声的方式传播价值观。

  作者在孟州拜谒韩愈故里,追溯韩愈一生时说“韩愈所倡导的爱国、爱民、务实、友善与当今的富强、民主·····诚信、友善价值取向有异曲同工之妙。”参观广州翠亨村,作者在文中说:“孙中山第一个喊出了振兴中华的口号,实践着‘爱国、敬业、诚信、友善的价值观;为建立富强、民主、文明、和谐,自由、平等、公正、法治的新型国家而奔走呼号。’”这样的衔接极其自然。建立高度文明的社会主义国家,不正是无数仁人志士的宏阔梦想么?像这样的例子差不多每章都有。《大地上的课堂》通过对内容的取舍、对地域文化与人物的客观呈现与恰当评价,将价值观教育日常化、具体化、形象化、生活化和通俗化,让人既进得去,又出得来。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  “之         “文之”为德亦大矣”(《文心雕龙》。“大地三部曲”是韩修存脚踏实地又心存高远的走心之作。它充分发挥报告文学的文体优势,以富有感染力的文学色彩和夹叙夹议的评论色彩点明题旨,增强作品的思想蕴含

  作品注重结撰艺术,精心安排结构。就其体系来说,“梦想”是主体,“课堂”是延伸,“芬芳”是畅想。《大地上的梦想》副标题是“来自国家扶贫改革试验区的报告”,全书共分九章:贫困之原、帮扶之法、脱贫之方、千年回眸、他山之石、小康路上、牵手圆梦、中国三农向何处去。从这些标题可以看出,作者没有简单记录自己的扶贫过程,而是跳开扶贫说扶贫,将个体的局部的扶贫历程和个性特征及时代精神完美结合,产生了意想不到的表达效果。

  报告文学是新闻与文学的高度融合。韩修存首先是一位优秀的散文和报告文学作家,作品散见于《散文选刊》、《人民日报》、《农民日报》、《中国文化报》等国内外主流媒体,曾获报告文学创作奖、全国散文大赛一等奖、中国好新闻奖等。因此他的报告文学作品既有一定的文献史料价值,又有较强文学感染力。如写乡村旅游点:“扩版后的池衫园······最常见的是白鹭,看它们多开心啊!有的在树梢,展开矫健的翅膀,直冲蓝天,都开喉咙,一路高歌;有的在窝里,含饴弄孙养儿育女;有的在林下,如滑翔的飞机,瞬间从天空疾冲而下,钻入荷塘、水中,捕鱼捉虾。好一幅有动有静、有声有色的‘池杉鹭鸟立体图啊’”(《大地上的梦想》)涅槃的乡村,在他笔下呈现出令人神往的美丽图景。

  报告文学从诞生之日就呈现出强烈的艺术感染力和严正的逻辑分析力高度融合的特征。这也是报告文学现实性与时代性的表现。韩修存在深入扶贫实践的过程中,常常从“旁观者”变成“当事人”,站在现实立场上臧否人物、品评生活、明辨是非,毫不隐蔽自己的观点和态度。 “民事千千万,化作绕指柔,在为民办实事的过程中,我深深体会到公务员最快乐的事情就是:想民之所想,急民之所急,忧群众之所忧,扑下身子为人民服务。”(《大地上的梦想》)。《大地的课堂》则更多采用叙事抒情议论相结合的方法,揭示人的精神世界。在《铁血彭城》一章,说到淮海战役,作者发出这样的感慨:“战争说到底是人类自私与欲望惹的祸······只有人类切切实实地远离了自私与贪婪,人类的素质普遍提高到空前的阶段,人类有了一种共同、统一的文化,战争才会从地球上消失,人类才能安享和平的快乐!”短短一段话连用了八个“人类”,可见作者眼中的“课堂”并不在一时一地,而是在更加宏大的价值体系视域内,如此方能纵横捭阖言近旨远,医治当下人们知识、思想与精神境界方面的贫与病。

  著名作家周立波曾说:“报告文学的写字间是整个社会”。韩修存努力使自己“沉”到现实生活中,以热情、敏锐的观察者和参与者身份讴歌时代,完成对伟大祖国浩荡扶贫工程的献礼。因而他的“大地三部曲”具有鲜明而突出的时代精神。在反映个体扶贫经验的同时,更注重选择对亿万群众更关心、更注目、更直接,因而也更能拨动人心弦的人和事去描绘。他善于从千头万绪、错综复杂、充满矛盾的人和事中,去“发现”那些具有典型意义的能够真实反映时代和生活本质的真人真事,凭借自己的努力,把扶贫这一题材尽量积极而完美地报告出来,并以精神之光去照亮它。这是平庸作家做不到的。(韩海涛